For best sun protection, a UVA and UVB-protective sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher should be applied to clean, dry skin 30 to 60 minutes before exposure to UV-rays.
If outdoor activity involving swimming or excess sweating is planned, a water-resistant formula should be used. Sunscreen should be reapplied every one to three hours and after swimming or excessive sweating; however, reapplication does not extend the time of protection.
Other strongly recommended sun protective measures include avoiding mid-day sun exposure; wearing a broad-brimmed hat; wearing loose-fitting, tightly woven, colored clothing; and changing into dry clothing following swimming to allow less penetration of UV radiation. Sunbathers should also remember that large beach umbrellas reduce exposure by only 50%.
Sunstroke or heatstroke is a condition in which the thermoregulatory mechanism of the body fails, sweating stops, and body temperature rises above 105 F. Sunstroke is usually the last stage of a series of heat and sun related problems (including heat stress and heat exhaustion), during which dehydration, fever, and hypotension become important. Sunstroke is life-threatening. Victims of sunstroke are confused and need immediate medical care; evacuation may be required.
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